The Ancient Ancestors of Darnell L Williams Chapter 9

Haplogroup C (mtDNA)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Haplogroup C
Possible time of origin	23,900 YBP
Possible place of origin	Central Asia
Ancestor	CZ
Descendants	C1, C4, C5, C7
Defining mutations	489 10400 14783 15043[1]

In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup C is ahuman mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Origin

Haplogroup C is believed to have arisen somewhere between the Caspian Sea and Lake Baikal some 60,000 years before present. It is a descendant of the haplogroup M.

The Caspian Sea is the largest inland body of water in the world and accounts for 40 to 44% of the total lacustrine waters of the world. The coastlines of the Caspian are shared by Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan.

Haplogroup C is found in Northeast Asia (including Siberia). In Eurasia, Haplogroup C is especially frequent among populations of arctic Siberia, such as Yukaghirs and Nganasans. Haplogroup C is one of five mtDNA haplogroups found in the indigenous peoples of the Americas, the others being A, B, D, and X. The subclades C1b, C1c, C1d, and C4c are found in the first people of the Americas. C1a is found only in Asia.

In 2010, Icelandic researchers discovered a C1 lineage in their home country, estimating an introduction date of 1700 or earlier, indicating a possible introduction during the Viking expeditions to the Americas. A Native American origin for this C1e lineage is likely, but the researchers note that a European or Asian one cannot be ruled out.

My Opinion

In "The Ancient Ancestors of Darnell L Williams Chapter 8," Geneticist did not admit that "G" was not in Native Americans. But It is in me and I am Native American. Here is the "C" Haplogroup and they say that it is found in the first group of Native Americans. It is in me. This Haplogroup came from people around the Caspian Sea in Central Asia. 

Again, this is evidence that the "Asian Baby," Stephanie, her children, and myself are descendants of these people.   

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup C subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research.

• CZ
  • C
    • C1
      • C1a
      • C1b
        • C1b1
        • C1b2
          • C1b2a
        • C1b3
        • C1b4
        • C1b5
      • C1c
        • C1c1
        • C1c2
      • C1d
      • C1e
    • C4
      • C4a
        • C4a1
          • C4a1a
        • C4a2
      • C4b
        • C4b1
          • C4b1a
        • C4b2
      • C4c
    • C5
      • C5a
    • C7
      • C7a
        • C7a1
          • C7a1a
          • C7a1c
          • C7a1d
        • C7a2
          • C7a2a
      • C7b