Eliza Thorne, 50% Cherokee

Native American in the 19th Century

Your genome tells the unique story of your ancestry: where your ancestors lived, when they contributed to your family tree, and how their DNA was passed down to you through your parents. But please understand that this map of my DNA development came from me, my own DNA.

Here is the problem, like I told you about the Amanda Ann's (Amanda Ann Williams, Amanda Ann Porter-Whyte, Amanda Ann Porter), the people that they came from was killed in the 18th and 19th Century. Amanda Ann Porter was sold to Noel Smith, a slave trader in Northern Virginia and had the line of people that had Amanda Ann Porter (Whyte today) who was the mother of my children my x-wife.

Amanda Ann Williams

The Amanda's people

The Manahoac, also recorded as Mahock, were a small group of Siouan-language American Indians in northern Virginia at the time of European contact. They numbered approximately 1,000 and lived primarily along the Rappahannock River west of modern Fredericksburg and the fall line, and east of the Blue Ridge Mountains. They united with the Monacan, the Occaneechi, the Saponi and the Tutelo. They disappeared from the historical record after 1728. According to William W. Tooker, the name Manahoac is Algonquian for "they are very merry", but anthropologist John R. Swanton considers this dubious.

After thousands of years of different indigenous cultures in present-day Virginia, the Manahoac and other Piedmont tribes developed from the prehistoric Woodland cultures. Historically the Siouan tribes occupied more of the Piedmont area, and the Algonquian-speaking tribes inhabited the lowlands and Tidewater.

In 1608 the English explorer John Smith met with a sizable group of Manahoac above the falls of the Rappahannock River. He recorded that they were living in at least seven villages to the west of where he had met them. He also noted that they were allied with the Monacan, but opposed to the Powhatan. (The historic Manahoac and Monacan tribes were both Siouan-speaking, which gave them some shared culture and was part of the reason they competed with the Algonquian-speaking tribes of the Powhatan Confederacy.)

As the Beaver Wars upset the balance of power, some Manahoac settled in Virginia near the Powhatans. In 1656, these Manahoac fended off an attack by English and Pamunkey, resulting in the 1656 Battle of Bloody Run.

By the 1669 census, because of raids by enemy Iroquois tribes from the north (during the Beaver Wars) and probably infectious disease from European contact, the Manahoac were reduced to only fifty bowmen in their former area. Their surviving people apparently joined their Monacan allies to the south immediately afterward. John Lederer recorded the "Mahock" along the James River in 1670. In 1671 Lederer passed directly through their former territory and made no mention of any inhabitants. Around the same time, the Seneca nation of the Iroquois began to claim the land as their hunting grounds by right of conquest, though they did not occupy it.

In 1714, Lt. Governor of Virginia Alexander Spotswood recorded that the Stegaraki subtribe of the Manahoac was present at Fort Christanna in Brunswick County. The fort was created by Spotswood and sponsored by the College of William and Mary to convert natives to Christianity and teach them the English language. The other known Siouan tribes of Virginia were all represented by members at Fort Christanna.

The anthropologist John Swanton believed that a group at Fort Christanna, called the Mepontsky, were perhaps the Ontponea subtribe of the Manahoac. The last mention of the Ontponea in historic records was in 1723. Scholars believe they joined with the Tutelo and Saponi and became absorbed into their tribes.

In 1753, these two tribes were formally adopted in New York by their former enemies, the Iroquois, specifically the Cayuga nation. In 1870, there was a report of a "merry old man named Mosquito" living in Canada, who claimed to be "the last of the Manahoac" and the legal owner of much of Northern Virginia. He still remembered how to speak the Siouan language.

Like the other Siouan tribes of Virginia's Piedmont region (i.e., the Monacan, Tutelo and Saponi), the Manahoac people lived in various independent villages. The Siouan tribes interacted in various ways, such as through trade, cultural celebrations, and also intermarriage. Manahoac villages were usually along the upper Rappahannock River where the soil was most fertile. They practiced a mixture of hunting and gathering as well as farming.

Along the upper James River, where the closely related Monacan tribe was located, archeologists have found remnants of corn and squash in cooking pits. Also found along the James are the outlines of three oval houses at a site outside the town of Wingina in Nelson County, Virginia. Given the close relations of the Monacan and the Manahoac, scholars believe these aspects of their cultures were similar or identical. Many stone tools have been unearthed in areas which the Manahoac inhabited. They are usually made of the milky quartz common in the region. Their pottery was tempered with quartz and sand; it often featured fabric, net, or cord motifs as decoration.

Archaeological evidence shows that an earthen mound burial culture existed in the Piedmont from 950 AD to the time of European contact. It spanned the so-called Late Woodland Period. These burial mounds, some of them reaching heights of at least 6 meters (20 feet), are believed to have been made by the ancestors of the Manahoac and other eastern Siouan groups. They are unique in that they contained hundreds to thousands of corpses. They are sometimes called "accretional mounds". The people added more soil to them as additional individuals were buried within. Most of the burial mounds have been either completely destroyed by plowing or significantly reduced in size by erosion and flooding.

My father-in-law always talked about the Rapidan River to me in the 1970s. He did this while living at the foot of the mountain where Reuben Slaughter's family enslaved Eliza Thorne.

A Foot Note to Slaughter's Mountain

The Battle of Cedar Mountain, also known as Slaughter's Mountain or Cedar Run, took place on August 9, 1862, in Culpeper County, Virginia, as part of the American Civil War. Union forces under Maj. Gen.Nathaniel P. Banks attacked Confederate forces under Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson near Cedar Mountain as the Confederates marched on Culpeper Court House to forestall a Union advance into central Virginia. After nearly being driven from the field in the early part of the battle, a Confederate counterattack broke the Union lines resulting in a Confederate victory. The battle was the first combat of the Northern Virginia Campaign.

The Manahoac are sometimes viewed as a confederacy of tribes, or as a single tribe composed of several subtribes. These include the following:

Hassinunga, who were at the headwaters of the Rappahannock River;
Manahoac proper, who, according to Thomas Jefferson, were present in Stafford and Spotsylvania counties;
Ontponea, who were located in Orange County;
Shackaconia, who were found in Spotsylvania county on the southern bank of the Rappahannock;
Stegaraki, who were in Orange County along the Rapidan River;
Tegninateo, who were located in Culpeper County at the head of the Rappahannock; and the
Whonkentia, who were present in Fauquier County near the head of the Rappahannock.

But you do not hear about these people in school, college, or on TV. John Wayne never had contact with these people in movies.

Ancestry Timeline

So in your Ancestry Timeline, the Native American people would not exist according to their DNA.

Here is why in most Black and White people who claim that they have Native blood, the educated university people claim that they are making it up. Here is why we cannot go by DNA test alone but by talking to ancestors before they die. Documenting their life is very important as early in your life as you can.

My father, William Jackson Williams II lived just south of Pittsburgh, Pa. His father William Jackson Williams was from Oklahoma, Cherokee Country. His father was killed by the KKK in Houston Texas. That made the Williams family move until they came to the Pittsburgh area in the 20th Century.

My Ancestry Composition

I would add from 1900 and before, the people of the Cherokee Nation on both sides of my family.

https://you.23andme.com/reports/ancestry_composition/

If you notice, "23 and me" claims that I am made up of the following;

100%

Sub-Saharan African81.8%

European17.9%

East Asian & Native American< 0.1%

Unassigned0.2%

How the World Works

Saturday, January 14, 2017

The Spirit of the Cherokee Runners: Chapter 2

2014 Sasquatch 5K Trail Run

The Genetic Make Up of Darnell Lamont Williams: Chapter 1

My Ancestry Composition